History of Australia - Wikipedia. The History of Australia refers to the history of the area and people of the Commonwealth of Australia and its preceding Indigenous and colonial societies. Aboriginal Australians are believed to have first arrived on the Australian mainland by sea from Maritime Southeast Asia between 4. The artistic, musical and spiritual traditions they established are among the longest surviving such traditions in human history. The first known landing in Australia by Europeans was by Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon in 1. Twenty- nine other Dutch navigators explored the western and southern coasts in the 1. New Holland. Macassan trepangers visited Australia's northern coasts after 1. Other European explorers followed until, in 1. Lieutenant James Cook charted the east coast of Australia for Great Britain and returned with accounts favouring colonisation at Botany Bay (now in Sydney), New South Wales. A First Fleet of British ships arrived at Botany Bay in January 1. In the century that followed, the British established other colonies on the continent, and European explorers ventured into its interior. Indigenous Australians were greatly weakened and their numbers diminished by introduced diseases and conflict with the colonists during this period. Gold rushes and agricultural industries brought prosperity. Autonomous Parliamentary democracies began to be established throughout the six British colonies from the mid- 1. Get all the latest info on your favorite Howard The Mild Colonial Boy (AU) TV Characters. Black, Mass Murderer-Rapist Wins: Mischievous Federal Judges. 1990, Robert Simon Jr. ![]() James Wardlaw Biografia. James Wardlaw is an actor, known for Inspector Gadget 2 (2003), Howard the Mild Colonial Boy (1990) and Darklovestory (2006). Thomson Reuters Foundation is a charity registered in England and Wales (registration number: 1082139) Join. Follow Howard The Mild Colonial Boy (AU). Howard Kelly aka Captain Lea. ![]() ACID Cigars; 5 Vegas Gold. Alec Bradley Boy/Girl; Alec Bradley Connecticut. Rocky Patel Vintage 1990. Howard, The Mild Colonial Boy (1990) Oz TV Home: Network: ABC Premiere: 05 February 1990 Final. Ep titles: Role Actor Cast list: Kevin Alan Kylie Constable Cliche. The colonies voted by referendum to unite in a federation in 1. Australia came into being. Australia fought on the side of Britain in the two world wars and became a long- standing ally of the United States when threatened by Imperial Japan during World War II. Trade with Asia increased and a post- war immigration program received more than 6. Supported by immigration of people from more than 2. World War II, the population increased to more than 2. At the time of first European contact, it has been estimated the existing population was at least 3. People appear to have arrived by sea during a period of glaciation, when New Guinea and Tasmania were joined to the continent. The journey still required sea travel however, making them amongst the world's earlier mariners. Given that the likely landfall regions have been under around 5. Aboriginal Australian religious practices associated with the Dreamtime have been practised for tens of thousands of years. The Dreaming established the laws and structures of society and the ceremonies performed to ensure continuity of life and land. It remains a prominent feature of Australian Aboriginal art. Aboriginal art is believed to be the oldest continuing tradition of art in the world. The Aborigines, he noted, did not develop agriculture, probably owing to a lack of seed bearing plants and animals suitable for domestication. Thus, the population remained low. Clark considered that the three potential pre- European colonising powers and traders of East Asia. But trepang fisherman did reach the north coast, which they called . Aborigines lived and used resources on the continent sustainably, agreeing to cease hunting and gathering at particular times to give populations and resources the chance to replenish. The arrival of Australia's first people nevertheless affected the continent significantly, and, along with climate change, may have contributed to the extinction of Australia's megafauna. Lieutenant James Cook on the other hand, speculated in his journal that the . Each nation had its own language and a few had multiple, thus over 2. Bastions of largely unaltered Aboriginal societies survived, particularly in Northern and Western Australia into the 2. Pintupi people of the Gibson Desert became the last people to be contacted by outsider ways in 1. Twenty- nine other Dutch navigators explored the western and southern coasts in the 1. New Holland. Bennelong and a companion became the first Australians to sail to Europe, where they met King George III. Bungaree accompanied the explorer Matthew Flinders on the first circumnavigation of Australia. Pemulwuy was accused of the first killing of a white settler in 1. Windradyne resisted early British expansion beyond the Blue Mountains. Even worse, smallpox, measles, influenza and other new diseases swept from one Aboriginal camp to another .. The main conqueror of Aborigines was to be disease and its ally, demoralisation. It was fought using mostly guerrilla- warfare tactics; however, several conventional battles also took place. The wars resulted in the defeat of the Hawkesbury and Nepean Indigenous clans who were subsequently dispossessed of their lands. A smallpox epidemic was recorded near Sydney in 1. Aborigines around Sydney. Opinion is divided as to the source of the smallpox. Some researchers argue that the smallpox was acquired through contact with Indonesian fishermen in the far north and then spread across the continent, reaching the Sydney area in 1. At the same time, some settlers were quite aware they were usurping the Aborigines place in Australia. In 1. 84. 5, settler Charles Griffiths sought to justify this, writing; . In 1. 96. 8, anthropologist W. E. H. Stanner described the lack of historical accounts of relations between Europeans and Aborigines as . William Westgarth's 1. Victoria observed; . In May 1. 80. 4, at Risdon Cove, Van Diemen's Land. Although Tasmanian history is amongst the most contested by modern historians, conflict between colonists and Aborigines was referred to in some contemporary accounts as the Black War. Estimates of how many people were killed during the period begin at around 3. The effort failed and George Augustus Robinson proposed to set out unarmed to mediate with the remaining tribespeople in 1. Palmer wrote in 1. There are numerous other massacre sites in Australia, although supporting documentation varies. From the 1. 83. 0s, colonial governments established the now controversial offices of the Protector of Aborigines in an effort to avoid mistreatment of Indigenous peoples and conduct government policy towards them. Christian churches in Australia sought to convert Aborigines, and were often used by government to carry out welfare and assimilation policies. Colonial churchmen such as Sydney's first Catholic archbishop, John Polding strongly advocated for Aboriginal rights and dignity. As the crisis unfolded, national opinion swung behind the Aboriginal people involved, and the first appeal on behalf of an Indigenous Australian to the High Court of Australia was launched. Following the crisis, the anthropologist Donald Thomson was dispatched by the government to live among the Yolngu. Positive accounts of Aboriginal customs and encounters are also recorded in the journals of early European explorers, who often relied on Aboriginal guides and assistance: Charles Sturt employed Aboriginal envoys to explore the Murray- Darling; the lone survivor of the Burke and Wills expedition was nursed by local Aborigines, and the famous Aboriginal explorer Jackey Jackey loyally accompanied his ill- fated friend Edmund Kennedy to Cape York. In inland Australia, the skills of Aboriginal stockmen became highly regarded and in the 2. Aboriginal stockmen like Vincent Lingiari became national figures in their campaigns for better pay and improved working conditions. The Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission argued that these removals constituted attempted genocide. This warning however did not prevent the loss of several ships, most notably the Batavia in 1. Although a theory of Portuguese discovery in the 1. These ships made extensive examinations, particularly in the Gulf of Carpentaria, named in honour of de Carpentier. On his second voyage of 1. Australia proper, making observations on the land and people of the north coast below New Guinea. One inscription said: It is impossible to conceive a Country that promises fairer from its Situation than this of TERRA AUSTRALIS, no longer incognita, as this Map demonstrates, but the Southern Continent Discovered. It lies precisely in the richest climates of the World.. The Dutch East India Company concluded that there was . They turned down Purry's scheme with the comment that, . John Callander put forward a proposal in 1. Britain to found a colony of banished convicts in the South Sea or in Terra Australis to enable the mother country to exploit the riches of those regions. Cook also carried secret Admiralty instructions to locate the supposed Southern Continent: . Cook charted the coast to its northern extent and, along with the ship's naturalist, Joseph Banks, who subsequently reported favourably on the possibilities of establishing a colony at Botany Bay. Cook formally took possession of the east coast of New Holland on 2. August 1. 77. 0, and noted in his journal that he could . The American Revolutionary War (1. In 1. 77. 9 Sir Joseph Banks, the eminent scientist who had accompanied James Cook on his 1. Botany Bay as a suitable site for settlement, saying that . In this vast tract of land.. In 1. 77. 7 prison reformer John Howard wrote The State of Prisons in England and Wales, exposing the harsh conditions of the prison system to . According to historian David Hill, . His book The Tyranny of Distance. A number of historians responded and debate brought to light a large amount of additional source material on the reasons for settlement. Under these circumstances, the strategic advantages of a colony in New South Wales described in James Matra's proposal were attractive. On subsequent occasions into the early 1. Britain and Spain, these plans were revived and only the short length of the period of hostilities in each case prevented them from being put into effect. South Australia was founded as free- colony, without convicts. Melbourne Landing, 1. W. Liardet (1. 84. Brisbane (Moreton Bay Settlement), 1. H. Bowerman. The territory claimed by Britain included all of Australia eastward of the meridian of 1. The western limit of 1.
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