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Our listings of used cars is updated every day with new inventory. With about 1.5 million used car listings, CarsDirect makes it easy to find a great used car, truck or SUV that fits your needs. Drafts are not to be judged for three seasons. That’s what they say in NFL circles, and it’s really true. But for the moment, at this midseason time for the 2016 Eagles, let’s project what it might look like in three years for a draft class that has already played a. American Civil War - Wikipedia. American Civil War. The American Civil War was a civil war in the United States fought from 1861 to 1865. The Union faced secessionists in eleven Southern states grouped together as the Confederate States of America. The Union won the war, which remains the bloodiest in U.S. The state operates dozens of historic sites, museums and monuments where visitors can learn the stories of Illinois. Experience life in a frontier fort. Walk the halls where Abraham Lincoln rose to greatness. See the remnants of a Native American city. From students to family historians to. Presence Health has locations in communities big and small, all across Illinois. Enter your zip code below to find your closest match. Clockwise from top: Battle of Gettysburg, Union. Captain John Tidball'sartillery, Confederate prisoners, ironclad. USS Atlanta, ruins of Richmond, Virginia, Battle of Franklin. Belligerents United States Confederate States. Commanders and leaders. Abraham Lincoln. Ulysses S. Mc. Clellan. David Farragut. Jefferson Davis Robert E. Johnston Stonewall Jackson (DOW)Raphael Semmes Strength. The Union faced secessionists in eleven Southern states grouped together as the Confederate States of America. The Union won the war, which remains the bloodiest in U. S. War broke out in April 1. U. S. The Confederacy grew to include eleven states; it claimed two more states and several western territories. The Confederacy was never diplomatically recognized by any foreign country. The states that remained loyal including border states where slavery was legal, were known as the Union or the North. The war ended with the surrender of all the Confederate armies and the collapse of Confederate government in spring 1. The war had its origin in the factious issue of slavery, especially the extension of slavery into the western territories. Four years of intense combat left 6. American military deaths of World War I and World War II combined, and destroyed much of the South's infrastructure. The Confederacy collapsed and slavery was abolished in the entire country. The Reconstruction Era (1. The Republican Party, dominant in the North, secured a majority of the electoral votes, and Lincoln was elected the first Republican president, but before his inauguration, seven slave states with cotton- based economies formed the Confederacy. The first six to secede had the highest proportions of slaves in their populations, a total of 4. Outgoing Democratic President James Buchanan and the incoming Republicans rejected secession as illegal. Lincoln's March 4, 1. Speaking directly to . I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so. The Confederates assumed that European countries were so dependent on . While in the Western Theater the Union made significant permanent gains, in the Eastern Theater, battle was inconclusive in 1. The autumn 1. 86. Confederate campaigns into Maryland and Kentucky failed, dissuading British intervention. The 1. 86. 3 Union siege of Vicksburg split the Confederacy in two at the Mississippi River. Lee's Confederate incursion north ended at the Battle of Gettysburg. Western successes led to Ulysses S. Grant's command of all Union armies in 1. Inflicting an ever- tightening naval blockade of Confederate ports, the Union marshaled the resources and manpower to attack the Confederacy from all directions, leading to the fall of Atlanta to William T. Sherman and his march to the sea. The last significant battles raged around the Siege of Petersburg. Lee's escape attempt ended with his surrender at Appomattox Court House, on April 9, 1. While the military war was coming to an end, the political reintegration of the nation was to take another 1. Reconstruction Era. The American Civil War was one of the earliest true industrial wars. Railroads, the telegraph, steamships, and mass- produced weapons were employed extensively. The mobilization of civilian factories, mines, shipyards, banks, transportation and food supplies all foreshadowed the impact of industrialization in World War I. It remains the deadliest war in American history. From 1. 86. 1 to 1. Bradford wrote that the issue has been further complicated by historical revisionists, who have tried to offer a variety of reasons for the war. The Republican Party was determined to prevent any spread of slavery, and many Southern leaders had threatened secession if the Republican candidate, Lincoln, won the 1. After Lincoln won without carrying a single Southern state, many Southern whites felt that disunion had become their only option, because they thought that they were losing representation, which would hamper their ability to promote pro- slavery acts and policies. Union men mainly believed the war was to emancipate the slaves. Confederates fought to protect southern society, and slavery as an integral part of it. The strategy of the anti- slavery forces was containment . The slave- holding interests in the South denounced this strategy as infringing upon their Constitutional rights. Southern whites believed that the emancipation of slaves would destroy the South's economy because of the alleged laziness of blacks under free labor. It was fading in the border states and in Southern cities, but was expanding in the highly profitable cotton districts of the South and Southwest. Subsequent writers on the American Civil War looked to several factors explaining the geographic divide, including sectionalism, protectionism, and state's rights. Sectionalism. Sectionalism refers to the different economies, social structure, customs and political values of the North and South. In the 1. 84. 0s and 5. Methodist, Baptist and Presbyterian churches) into separate Northern and Southern denominations. Historians have debated whether economic differences between the industrial Northeast and the agricultural South helped cause the war. Most historians now disagree with the economic determinism of historian Charles A. Beard in the 1. 92. Northern and Southern economies were largely complementary. While socially different, the sections economically benefited each other. Northern states, which had heavily invested in their still- nascent manufacturing, could not compete with the full- fledged industries of Europe in offering high prices for cotton imported from the South and low prices for manufactured exports in return. Thus, northern manufacturing interests supported tariffs and protectionism while southern planters demanded free trade. The Democrats in Congress, controlled by Southerners, wrote the tariff laws in the 1. The Whigs and Republicans complained because they favored high tariffs to stimulate industrial growth, and Republicans called for an increase in tariffs in the 1. The increases were only enacted in 1. Southerners resigned their seats in Congress. Northerners (including President Buchanan) rejected that notion as opposed to the will of the Founding Fathers who said they were setting up a perpetual union. Of all these interpretations, the states'- rights argument is perhaps the weakest. It fails to ask the question, states' rights for what purpose? States' rights, or sovereignty, was always more a means than an end, an instrument to achieve a certain goal more than a principle. Territorial crisis. Between 1. 80. 3 and 1. United States achieved a vast expansion of territory through purchase, negotiation, and conquest. At first, the new states carved out of these territories entering the union were apportioned equally between slave and free states. It was over territories west of the Mississippi that the proslavery and antislavery forces collided. With the conquest of northern Mexico west to California in 1. Cuba and Central America as well. The Compromise of 1. California balanced a free soil state with stronger fugitive slave laws for a political settlement after four years of strife in the 1. But the states admitted following California were all free: Minnesota (1. Oregon (1. 85. 9) and Kansas (1. In the southern states the question of the territorial expansion of slavery westward again became explosive. Both the South and the North drew the same conclusion: . The Crittenden Compromise of 1. The second doctrine of Congressional preeminence, championed by Abraham Lincoln and the Republican Party, insisted that the Constitution did not bind legislators to a policy of balance . The Wilmot Proviso announced this position in 1. Douglas proclaimed the doctrine of territorial or . In Kansas Territory, years of pro and anti- slavery violence and political conflict erupted; the congressional House of Representatives voted to admit Kansas as a free state in early 1. Senate was delayed until January 1. Rejecting the arguments for federal authority or self- government, state sovereignty would empower states to promote the expansion of slavery as part of the Federal Union under the U. S. As historian Thomas L. Krannawitter points out, the . Constitution prior to the 1. National elections. Beginning in the American Revolution and accelerating after the War of 1. United States grew in their sense of country as an important example to the world of a national republic of political liberty and personal rights. Previous regional independence movements such as the Greek revolt in the Ottoman Empire, division and redivision in the Latin American political map, and the British- French Crimean triumph leading to an interest in redrawing Europe along cultural differences, all conspired to make for a time of upheaval and uncertainty about the basis of the nation- state. In the world of 1. Americans, growing in prosperity, population and expanding westward, . The unresolved difference would cause failure. While practically all Northerners supported the Union, Southerners were split between those loyal to the entire United States (called . Vann Woodward said of the latter group,A great slave society .. It had renounced its bourgeois origins and elaborated and painfully rationalized its institutional, legal, metaphysical, and religious defenses .. When the crisis came it chose to fight. It proved to be the death struggle of a society, which went down in ruins. The Republican national electoral platform of 1. Republicans regarded disunion as treason and would not tolerate it: . Efforts at compromise, including the . Southern leaders feared that Lincoln would stop the expansion of slavery and put it on a course toward extinction. The slave states, which had already become a minority in the House of Representatives, were now facing a future as a perpetual minority in the Senate and Electoral College against an increasingly powerful North. Before Lincoln took office in March 1. Confederacy. Outbreak of the war. Secession crisis.
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